English 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English 2 - Essay Example The main difference between these two terms is that sympathy calls for people to merely look at a situation from the other’s point of view, while empathy requires a temporary detachment from the self, in order to truly experience what the other side is going through. To truly be empathetic, you will you will have to be an active participant in the other culture, as this will allow you to truly understand the events that have occurred. You do not have to change who you are and completely detach yourself from your own culture in order to achieve this, but must rather have the ability to truly involve yourself in the other culture and see the world from their perspective. Accepting that different cultures lead to people being very different themselves is an important part of this understand, as we have always been taught that all people were created equal. There is a difference, however, between equality and sameness, which must be understood in order for cultures to co-exist. Your anger is completely understood, especially if Fannie Taylor’s story is accurate, but you must look at this situation from the perspective of the people of Rosewood, if you truly want to work through your differences. You must begin by realizing that whites and blacks do have different cultures, although neither culture is superior or inferior. Despite these differences, however, neither culture believes that Fannie Taylor should have been assaulted, as this would have been a particularly heinous activity. Most people on both sides of this conflict would agree that this lone event was not responsible for the racial tension, but rather than this tension had been building for years. Therefore, we must get to the bottom of things of why this tension exists and hopefully prevent these things from happening in the future. You must realize that the black way of doing things is not wrong and put yourself in their situation. Most of these families did not even

Comparative Paper Play School and Hi-5 Essay Example for Free

Comparative Paper Play School and Hi-5 Essay Despite all the modern excitements that Network 9’s Hi-5 presents, the traditional and ABC’s Play School offers more for early learners. These two children shows are compared in the features of form, purpose, audience and social context. Hi-5 is contemporary and fast paced reflecting the modern culture whereas Play School maintains a sense of simplicity and the traditional elements which still fulfil the 21st century child. The importance of Hi-5 is to entertain whereas Play School educates effectively. The purpose of the opening credits is to draw out the wanted moods of the audience. Apparently, each calming episode of Play School begins with its symbolic, cheerful tune introducing the familiar characters. The opening animation is set in softer tones which attract an open gender audience with characters inviting them to, â€Å"come inside.† This sets up a comforting atmosphere where the children feel valued and safe, allowing learning to take place. Through the opening credits, Play School displays traditional, simple values which emphasize and develop their main purpose of education. Hi-5 is very much concerned with image, consumerism and technology, and as seen in the opening credits, it immediately reinforces the main purpose of entertainment. The vibrant colours which are almost glowing and the coloured patterns, female titled the audience into a state of joy, somewhat reproducing the scene at a disco. The opening credits heavily feature their Hi-5 logo, which in turn is a devious form of product placement. Overall, both shows’ opening credits are shown in a uniquely way. Play School is presented in a calm and a peaceful playful way, whereas, Hi-5 is shown in an upbeat and over exaggerated enjoyable, fun way. Whereas Hi-5’s priority is to create excitement and sell the product through setting and music, Play School’s aim is to provide education in an enjoyable way and helping the children’s intell igence and development. Play School is filmed in a studio resembling a house, in a safe, comfortable and calming surrounding encouraging learning. The realistic setting is provided with familiar, recognizable features such as house lights and colourful curtains. Many aspects of learning are taught through well-known songs sung in the traditional, common style to the simple supplement of a piano. The natural lighting adds to this sense of reality, and a controlled colour frame creates a calm, familiar mood for the audience. Hi-5 too, is shot in a studio, however, it is filmed with the presence of a live audience emphasising a concert setting, reinforcing its main purpose of entertainment. The vibrant lights blink like a performance, and the setting is spare with no familiar objects. This reflects modern popular culture, celebrity obsession and playful fun. Yet, while unfamiliar, Hi-5 is still very exciting, inspiring the children’s imagination forcing them to use their imagination. This creates a happy atmosphere emphasising an exciting and energetic mood reinforcing the main purpose of entertainment. Therefore, both television shows have different and similar ways to engage the audience and their emotions. The structure of these two shows is controlled by the film techniques and technology. Hi-5 relies on flashing disco, coloured effects and cameras, whereas, Play School relies on a more naive approach. The constant, linear panning and minimal editing present in Play School reinforces the slow, calming mood. The viewer’s point of view is enhanced through the use of camera angles and a balanced full range of shots. This reinforces closeness and a connection between viewer and presenter. The minimal use of technology in Play School is non-threatening; everyday objects are used to make craft which breaks down social barriers and encourages imagination. The toys used are familiar and old-fashioned, encouraging a sense of tradition. Hi-5 however uses modern filming techniques with multiple cameras and fast, complex editing. The camera angles and differing points of view are unusual adding to the excitement and overexcited emotions. Combined into Hi-5 is animation, using props and graphics which appeal to a slightly older audience who live in a technological world. The props used, increase the party image preventing children from using their imagination. The main purpose is to entertain, whereas the purpose of Play School is to educate. So therefore, the features used in both programmes differ in order to meet the intended purposes. Through the use of soothing and calm tones, Play School enables their viewers to feel safe, while engaging them in learning. Through repetition, questions, instructions, alliteration and rhyme, the presenters repeat that learning is easy and fun. The combination of languages like in the simple song, â€Å"Bravo Bravisimo,† and the inclusion of sign language, Play School highlights social acceptance and multiculturalism creating a stronger bond between the viewer and th e presenters, reinforcing the purpose of education. The light, good humour is also combined to fulfil their secondary purpose of entertainment. Hi-5 uses the sophisticated and complex humour of jokes and parodies. Through giggling for instance, an exaggerated and happy tone is created as the presenters attempt to reflect a child’s intelligence. This is further reinforced through the regular use of everyday language creating an overly friendly environment, whereas, the exaggerated body language reinforces entertainment and excitement. Through developing forms, purposes, audiences and social context Hi-5 and Play School contrast hugely. It is clear that the purpose of Play School is to educate whereas entertainment is the main purpose of Hi-5. Through aiming the intended emotions at their audience, both these programs achieve their intended purpose and social context.

Essay --

Mid Term Assignment - Genzyme HIMP6170 – Professor Aditya Pai Shweta Harwalkar (ID: 212294831) 2/13/2014 â€Æ' Company / portfolio for analysis (Refer to Appendix 1, 2, 3 & 4) Genzyme Corporation (Genzyme), a subsidiary of Sanofi-aventis, is a biotechnology company which is principally engaged in developing products and services for rare genetic disorders. The company has its operations worldwide with its principal concentration in the US and the UK. Genzyme is headquartered in Massachusetts, the US. The parent company, Sanofi, is a global and diversified healthcare leader. Genzyme is currently organized into two business units – Rare Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. ïÆ'Ëœ Rare Diseases: Focusing on uncommon and underserved medical conditions, the Rare Disease business unit is currently focused on three medical areas: †¢ Genetic Diseases - Pioneering Solutions to Lysosomal Storage Disorders – Orphan drugs †¢ Endocrinology - genetically engineered version of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) †¢ Cardiovascular Disease - inherited disorders, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic and potentially life-threatening form of severely high cholesterol that often doesn't respond to traditional treatments ïÆ'Ëœ Multiple sclerosis: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects each person differently, with symptoms ranging from numbness in the limbs or forgetfulness to paralysis or loss of vision. Revenues and growth trends (Refer to Appendix 5) Sanofi acquired Genzyme for $20.1 billion. â€Å"New Genzyme† was successfully integrated resulting in sales growth of 16.9%. Sales for Fabrazyme ® (agalsidase beta), a treatment for Fabry disease, nearly doubled. Sales for Myozyme ® and Lumizyme ® (alglucosidase alfa), indicated in Pompe d... ...better compensations Shareholders A leader in orphan drug market will attract more shareholders Genzyme must increase economic value created for shareholders Retail Chains Reducing the retail chain can help Genzyme sell at lower price or have higher profit Changes in the retail chain system will probably affect the profit margin of the drug Government Work closely with the government to make sure that the orphan drugs are available in that country/market Government regulates the price of drugs - If Genzyme does not lower the cost of orphan drugs, then it is very likely that government will set a lower price, which will cut Genzyme’s profit Other rare disease associations Communicate effectively and work closely with these rare disease associations Most rare diseases do not have treatment available - High pricing will prevent some patients from getting treatment

Pre-Romanticism

The Romantic penned (1785-1830) Contrast with Neoclassicism The replacement of reason by the imagination The shift from a mimetic to an expressive orientation for poetry, and indeed all literature. Pre-romanticism & Romanticism This period marks the end of Augustan Age.The main themes of Augustan Age were: reason rationality no feelings typical conception of the high social class The American Revolution (1775-1783) where the declaration of independence stated that America was an independent nation. The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)transformed Britain from agricultural to industrial country In rural communities the destruction of omen industry was accompanied by a rapid growth of the process of enclosing the old open-field and communally worked farms into privately owned agricultural holdings. The peasants deprived of their lands, were forced to go to work in factories Mechanization meant a new form of slavery The economic and social ills were clearly seen by the people, suffering was largely confined to the poor: the diseases of industrial towns, the misery of child labor, and the crowds of underpaid workers.The suffering of the new class, the proletariat, led o the first strikes The Great French Revolution (1789) which introduced the democratic ideals: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for everybody Revolution in France took a violent course: the accession to power by Jacobin extremists; the â€Å"September Massacres† of the nobility in 1792 followed by execution of the royal family brought England into a war against France(1793) Revolutionary and Napoleonic period in France (1789-1815) Under the influence of the Revolution the Irish peasants plotted a rebellion against English landlords. It broke out in 1798 but was cruelly drowned in blood Ideals of the Romanticism As a consequence to the chaotic lifestyle they tried to find a shelter in nature The feelings are: sadness, melancholy and meditation Romanticism was a movement against the progress of b ourgeois civilization It was an effort to do away with the injustice, the exploitation of man by man. The poets of this period are called graveyard poets because the countryside became place of death and contemplation The romanticists made emotion, and not reason, the chief force of their works. This emotion found its expression chiefly in poetry

Foundation and Empire 9. On Trantor

The stars were as thick as weeds in an unkempt field, and for the first time, Lathan Devers found the figures to the right of the decimal point of prime importance in calculating the cuts through the hyper-regions. There was a claustrophobic sensation about the necessity for leaps of not more than a light-year. There was a frightening harshness about a sky which glittered unbrokenly in every direction. It was being lost in a sea of radiation. And in the center of an open cluster of ten thousand stars, whose light tore to shreds the feebly encircling darkness, there circled the huge Imperial planet, Trantor. But it was more than a planet; it was the living pulse beat of an Empire of twenty million stellar systems. It had only one, function, administration; one purpose, government; and one manufactured product, law. The entire world was one functional distortion. There was no living object on its surface hut man, his pets, and his parasites. No blade of grass or fragment of uncovered soil could be found outside the hundred square miles of the Imperial Palace. No fresh water outside the Palace grounds existed but in the vast underground cisterns that held the water supply of a world. The lustrous, indestructible, incorruptible metal that was the unbroken surface of the planet was the foundation of the huge, metal structures that mazed the planet. They were structures connected by causeways; laced by corridors; cubbyholed by offices; basemented by the huge retail centers that covered square miles; penthoused by the glittering amusement world that sparkled into life each night. One could walk around the world of Trantor and never leave that one conglomerate building, nor see the city. A fleet of ships greater in number than all the war fleets the Empire had ever supported landed their cargoes on Trantor each day to feed the forty billions of humans who gave nothing in exchange but the fulfillment of the necessity of untangling the myriads of threads that spiraled into the central administration of the most complex government Humanity had ever known. Twenty agricultural worlds were the granary of Trantor. A universe was its servant. Tightly held by the huge metal arms on either side, the trade ship was gently lowered down the huge ramp that led to the hangar. Already Devers had fumed his way through the manifold complications of a world conceived in paper work and dedicated to the principle of the form-in-quadruplicate. There had been the preliminary halt in space, where the first of what had grown into a hundred questionnaires had been filled out. There were the hundred cross-examinations, the routine administration of a simple Probe, the photographing of the ship, the Characteristic-Analysis of the two men, and the subsequent recording of the same, the search for contraband, the payment of the entry tax – and finally the question of the identity cards and visitor's visa. Ducem Barr was a Siwennian and subject of the Emperor, but Lathan Devers was an unknown without the requisite documents. The official in charge at the moment was devastated with sorrow, but Devers could not enter. In fact, he would have to be held for official investigation. From somewhere a hundred credits in crisp, new bills backed by the estates of Lord Brodrig made their appearance, and changed bands quietly. The official hemmed importantly and the devastation of his sorrow was assuaged. A new form made its appearance from the appropriate pigeonhole. It was filled out rapidly and efficiently, with the Devers characteristic thereto formally and properly attached. The two men, trader and patrician, entered Siwenna. In the hangar, the trade ship was another vessel to be cached, photographed, recorded, contents noted, identity cards of passengers facsimiled, and for which a suitable fee was paid, recorded, and receipted. And then Devers was on a huge terrace under the bright white sun, along which women chattered, children shrieked, and men sipped drinks languidly and listened to the huge televisors blaring out the news of the Empire. Barr paid a requisite number of iridium coins and appropriated the uppermost member of a pile of newspapers. It was the Trantor Imperial News, official organ of the government. In the back of the news room, there was the soft clicking noise of additional editions being printed in long-distance sympathy with the busy machines at the Imperial News offices ten thousand miles away by corridor – six thousand by air-machine – just as ten million sets of copies were being likewise printed at that moment in ten million other news rooms all over the planet. Barr glanced at the headlines and said softly, â€Å"What shall we do first?† Devers tried to shake himself out of his depression. He was in a universe far removed from his own, on a world that weighted him down with its intricacy, among people whose doings were incomprehensible and whose language was nearly so. The gleaming metallic towers that surrounded him and continued onwards in never-ending multiplicity to beyond the horizon oppressed him; the whole busy, unheeding life of a world-metropolis cast him into the horrible gloom of isolation and pygmyish unimportance. He said, â€Å"I better leave it to you, doc.† Barr was calm, low-voice. â€Å"I tried to tell you, but it's hard to believe without seeing for yourself, I know that. Do you know how many people want to see the Emperor every day? About one million. Do you know how many he sees? About ten. We'll have to work through the civil service, and that makes it harder. But we can't afford the aristocracy.† â€Å"We have almost one hundred thousand.† â€Å"A single Peer of the Realm would cost us that, and it would take at least three or four to form an adequate bridge to the Emperor. It may take fifty chief commissioners and senior supervisors to do the same, but they would cost us only a hundred apiece perhaps. I'll do the talking. In the first place, they wouldn't understand your accent, and in the second, you don't know the etiquette of Imperial bribery. It's an art, I assure you. Ah!† The third page of the Imperial News had what he wanted and he passed the paper to Devers. Devers read slowly. The vocabulary was strange, but he understood. He looked up, and his eyes were dark with concern. He slapped the news sheet angrily with the back of his hand. â€Å"You think this can be trusted?† â€Å"Within limits,† replied Barr, calmly. â€Å"It's highly improbable that the Foundation fleet was wiped out. They've probably reported that several times already, if they've gone by the usual war-reporting technique of a world capital far from the actual scene of fighting. What it means, though, is that Riose has won another battle, which would be none-too-unexpected. It says he's captured Loris. Is that the capital planet of the Kingdom of Loris?† â€Å"Yes,† brooded Devers, â€Å"or of what used to be the Kingdom of Loris. And it's not twenty parsecs from the Foundation. Doc, we've got to work fast.† Barr shrugged, â€Å"You can't go fast on Trantor. If you try, you'll end up at the point of an atom-blaster, most likely.† â€Å"How long will it take?† â€Å"A month, if we're lucky. A month, and our hundred thousand credits – if even that will suffice. And that is providing the Emperor does not take it into his head in the meantime to travel to the Summer Planets, where he sees no petitioners at all.† â€Å"But the Foundation-â€Å" â€Å"-Will take care of itself, as heretofore. Come, there's the question of dinner. I'm hungry. And afterwards, the evening is ours and we may as well use it. We shall never see Trantor or any world like it again, you know.† The Home Commissioner of the Outer Provinces spread his pudgy hands helplessly and peered at the petitioners with owlish nearsightedness. â€Å"But the Emperor is indisposed, gentlemen. It is really useless to take the matter to my superior. His Imperial Majesty has seen no one in a week.† â€Å"He will see us,† said Barr, with an affectation of confidence. â€Å"It is but a question of seeing a member of the staff of the Privy Secretary.† â€Å"Impossible,† said the commissioner emphatically. â€Å"It would be the worth of my job to attempt that. Now if you could but be more explicit concerning the nature of your business. I'm willing to help you, understand, but naturally I want something less vague, something I can present to my superior as reason for taking the matter further.† â€Å"If my business were such that it could be told to any but the highest,† suggested Barr, smoothly, â€Å"it would scarcely be important enough to rate audience with His Imperial Majesty. I propose that you take a chance. I might remind you that if His Imperial Majesty attaches the importance to our business which we guarantee that he will, you will stand certain to receive the honors you will deserve for helping us now.† â€Å"Yes, but-† and the commissioner shrugged, wordlessly. â€Å"It's a chance,† agreed Barr. â€Å"Naturally, a risk should have its compensation. It is a rather great favor to ask you, but we have already been greatly obliged with your kindness in offering us this opportunity to explain our problem. But if you would allow us to express our gratitude just slightly by-â€Å" Devers scowled. He had heard this speech with its slight variations twenty times in the past month. It ended, as always, in a quick shift of the half-hidden bills. But the epilogue differed here. Usually the bills vanished immediately; here they remained in plain view, while slowly the commissioner counted them, inspecting them front and back as he did so. There was a subtle change in his voice. â€Å"Backed by the Privy Secretary, hey? Good money!† â€Å"To get back to the subject-† urged Barr. â€Å"No, but wait,† interrupted the commissioner, â€Å"let us go back by easy stages. I really do wish to know what your business can be. This money, it is fresh and new, and you must have a good deal, for it strikes me that you have seen other officials before me. Come, now, what about it?† Barr said, â€Å"I don't see what you are driving at.† â€Å"Why, see here, it might be proven that you are upon the planet illegally, since the Identification and Entry Cards of your silent friend are certainly inadequate. He is not a subject of the Emperor.† â€Å"I deny that.† â€Å"It doesn't matter that you do,† said the commissioner, with sudden bluntness. â€Å"The official who signed his Cards for the sum of a hundred credits has confessed – under pressure – and we know more of you than you think.† â€Å"If you are hinting, sir, that the sum we have asked you to accept is inadequate in view of the risks-â€Å" The commissioner smiled. â€Å"On the contrary, it is more than adequate.† He tossed the bills aside. â€Å"To return to what I was saying, it is the Emperor himself who has become interested in your case. Is it not true, sirs, that you have recently been guests of General Riose? Is it not true that you have escaped from the midst of his army with, to put it mildly, astonishing ease? Is it not true that you possess a small fortune in bills backed by Lord Brodrig's estates? In short, is it not true that you are a pair of spies and assassins sent here to – Well, you shall tell us yourself who paid you and for what!† â€Å"Do you know,† said Barr, with silky anger, â€Å"I deny the right of a petty commissioner to accuse us of crimes. We will leave.† â€Å"You will not leave.† The commissioner arose, and his eyes no longer seemed near-sighted. â€Å"You need answer no question now; that will be reserved for a later – and more forceful – time. Nor am I a commissioner; I am a Lieutenant of the Imperial Police. You are under arrest.† There was a glitteringly efficient blast-gun in his fist as he smiled. â€Å"There are greater men than you under arrest this day. It is a hornet's nest we are cleaning up.† Devers snarled and reached slowly for his own gun. The lieutenant of police smiled more broadly and squeezed the contacts. The blasting line of force struck Devers' chest in an accurate blaze of destruction – that bounced harmlessly off his personal shield in sparkling spicules of light. Devers shot in turn, and the lieutenant's head fell from off an upper torso that had disappeared. It was still smiling as it lay in the jag of sunshine which entered through the new-made hole in the wall. It was through the back entrance that they left. Devers said huskily, â€Å"Quickly to the ship. They'll have the alarm out in no time.† He cursed in a ferocious whisper. â€Å"It's another plan that's backfired. I could swear the space fiend himself is against me.† It was in the open that they became aware of the jabbering crowds that surrounded the huge televisors. They had no time to wait; the disconnected roaring words that reached them, they disregarded. But Barr snatched a copy of the Imperial News before diving into the huge barn of the hangar, where the ship lifted hastily through a giant cavity burnt fiercely into the roof. â€Å"Can you get away from them?† asked Barr. Ten ships of the traffic-police wildly followed the runaway craft that had burst out of the lawful, radio-beamed Path of Leaving, and then broken every speed law in creation. Further behind still, sleek vessels of the Secret Service were lifting in pursuit of a carefully described ship manned by two thoroughly identified murderers. â€Å"Watch me,† said Devers, and savagely shifted into hyperspace two thousand miles above the surface of Trantor. The shift, so near a planetary mass, meant unconsciousness for Barr and a fearful haze of pain for Devers, but light-years further, space above them was clear. Devers' somber pride in his ship burst to the surface. He said, â€Å"There's not an Imperial ship that could follow me anywhere.† And then, bitterly, â€Å"But there is nowhere left to run to for us, and we can't fight their weight. What's there to do? What can anyone do?† Barr moved feebly on his cot. The effect of the hypershift had not yet worn off, and each of his muscles ached. He said, â€Å"No one has to do anything. It's all over. Here!† He passed the copy of the Imperial News that he still clutched, and the headlines were enough for the trader. â€Å"Recalled and arrested – Riose and Brodrig,† Devers muttered. He stared blankly at Barr. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"The story doesn't say, but what does it matter? The war with the Foundation is over, and at this moment, Siwenna is revolting. Read the story and see.† His voice was drifting off. â€Å"We'll stop in some of the provinces and find out the later details. If you don't mind, I'll go to sleep now.† And he did. In grasshopper jumps of increasing magnitude, the trade ship was spanning the Galaxy in its return to the Foundation.

Free Essays on How A Case Researches The Supreme Court

The vast majority of cases reach the Supreme Court only as appeals from lower federal court decisions or from the highest state court. These cases come to the Supreme Court in one of two ways – on appeal or by writ of certiorari. A few cases start at the Court because they fall under its original jurisdiction. When petitions for certiorari come to the Court, the justices or their clerks identify cases worthy of consideration and then place them on a list. At a conference, the justices review and discuss the selected cases, and then vote on which cases to accept for decision. When the justices accept a case, they also decide either to ask for more information from the opposing lawyers or to rule quickly on the information that was provided. Cases decided without further information are either returned to the lower court for a decision or announced with a per curiam opinion. After the Court accepts a case, the lawyers on each side submit a brief. After the briefs are fil ed, a lawyer for each side is asked to present a thirty minute oral argument before the Court, in which he or she summarizes the key points of the case. On Fridays, the justices meet in conference to discuss and decide the cases they have heard. Then, the Court issues a written opinion stating the facts of the case, announcing the Court’s ruling, and explaining its reasoning in reaching the decision. Some people criticize the fact that the Supreme Court is not very democratic because nine people speak for the entire country. These individuals, critics argue, are ultimately responsible for settling disputes and interpreting the meaning of laws. Through judicial review, they examine the laws of local, state, and national governments and cancel them if they violate the Constitution. The Court may also review Presidential and Congressional policies. In addition, when the Court applies the law to specific disputes it often determines what national poli... Free Essays on How A Case Researches The Supreme Court Free Essays on How A Case Researches The Supreme Court The vast majority of cases reach the Supreme Court only as appeals from lower federal court decisions or from the highest state court. These cases come to the Supreme Court in one of two ways – on appeal or by writ of certiorari. A few cases start at the Court because they fall under its original jurisdiction. When petitions for certiorari come to the Court, the justices or their clerks identify cases worthy of consideration and then place them on a list. At a conference, the justices review and discuss the selected cases, and then vote on which cases to accept for decision. When the justices accept a case, they also decide either to ask for more information from the opposing lawyers or to rule quickly on the information that was provided. Cases decided without further information are either returned to the lower court for a decision or announced with a per curiam opinion. After the Court accepts a case, the lawyers on each side submit a brief. After the briefs are fil ed, a lawyer for each side is asked to present a thirty minute oral argument before the Court, in which he or she summarizes the key points of the case. On Fridays, the justices meet in conference to discuss and decide the cases they have heard. Then, the Court issues a written opinion stating the facts of the case, announcing the Court’s ruling, and explaining its reasoning in reaching the decision. Some people criticize the fact that the Supreme Court is not very democratic because nine people speak for the entire country. These individuals, critics argue, are ultimately responsible for settling disputes and interpreting the meaning of laws. Through judicial review, they examine the laws of local, state, and national governments and cancel them if they violate the Constitution. The Court may also review Presidential and Congressional policies. In addition, when the Court applies the law to specific disputes it often determines what national poli...

Dress For Sucess

Dress For Sucess Clothing is important on how others perceive us. It affects our views on our confidence and ourselves. In any business setting the most important garment for both men and women is the suit. Wearing a suit immediately conveys authority, credibility, and likeability qualities that are critical in business interactions. Different positions, companies, and different parts of the world have different dress codes. Keep in mind the importance of wearing conservative close to the office that's clean and well tailored. Throughout this speech, I will inform everyone on the correct way to dress for business.Men should wear suits that are solid colors like black, gray, or blue. Men can also wear pinstriped suits. The preferred material of the suit it wool, or polyester that looks like wool. The darker the suit, the more authority it carries.Mens shirts are also important. Shirts should be white, pale blue, or have modest strips.A man wearing a chalk-striped suitTo avoid a certain gangster look m en should avoid wearing darker shirts than their suits. This means no black shirts with black or gray suits.Men also have to wear a tie. For ties, discreet stripes, polka dots, and club ties are all right; they should never vary from the basic colors. And ties should be appropriate lengths, not to short or to long. The best length is just below the bottom of the belt buckle. The most important piece of clothing for a mens suit is a tie. But absolutely the best tie you can afford preferably silk. Another thing to keep in mind is appropriate shoes. Leather shoes are preferred. Make sure that you keep your shoes clean and scuff free. Women have to dress very conservatively for the office. This consists of a suit that has a skirt and a jacket. Pants are still too casual...

How to Grow a Charcoal Crystal Garden

How to Grow a Charcoal Crystal Garden Make delicate, colorful crystals! This is a great classic crystal-growing project. You use charcoal briquettes (or other porous materials), ammonia, salt, bluing, and food coloring to grow a sort of crystal garden. The components of the garden are toxic, so adult supervision is recommended. Be sure to keep your growing garden away from young children and pets! This can take anywhere from 2 days to 2 weeks. Materials You only need a few materials for this project. The key ingredients are ammonia, salt, and laundry bluing. If you dont use food coloring, expect the crystals to be white and clear. With the coloring, remember some colors may bleed into other to give a watercolor effect. Charcoal Briquettes (or pieces of sponge or brick or porous rock)Distilled WaterUniodized SaltAmmoniaBluing (shop online)Food ColoringNon-Metal Pie Plate (glass is great)Measuring SpoonsEmpty Jar Instructions Place chunks of your substrate (i.e., charcoal briquette, sponge, cork, brick, porous rock) in an even layer in the non-metal pan. You want pieces that are roughly 1-inch in diameter, so you may need to (carefully) use a hammer to break the material up.Sprinkle water, preferably distilled, onto the substrate until is has been thoroughly dampened. Pour off any excess water.In an empty jar, mix 3 tablespoons (45 ml) un-iodized salt, 3 tablespoons (45 ml) ammonia, and 6 tablespoons (90 ml) bluing. Stir until the salt is dissolved.Pour the mixture over the prepared substrate.Add and swirl a bit of water around in the empty jar to pick up the remaining chemicals and pour this liquid onto the substrate, too.Add a drop of food coloring here and there across the surface of the garden. Areas with no food coloring will be white.Sprinkle more salt (about 2 T or about 30 ml) across the surface of the garden.Set the garden in an area where it will not be disturbed.On days 2 and 3, pour a mixture of ammonia, water, and bluing (2 tablespoons or 30 ml each) in the bottom of the pan, being careful not to disturb the delicate growing crystals. Keep the pan in an undisturbed place, but check on it periodically to watch your very cool garden grow! Useful Tips If you cant find bluing at a store near you, it is available online: mrsstewart.com/ (Mrs. Stewarts Bluing).Crystals form on the porous materials and grow by drawing up the solution using capillary action. Water evaporates on the surface, depositing solids/forming crystals, and pulling more solution up from the base of the pie plate.

Student views on individual and group work Essay

Student views on individual and group work - Essay Example The study is based on international educational experiences of learners studying abroad; their opinions on the individual work and group work especially in the cultural diverse learning institutions also discussed. A comparison approach is used to define the different impacts of individual or group work in different settings internationally. Students from different backgrounds from the UK and abroad give their opinions on the importance of group and individual work. The students interviewed come from various countries namely: Poland, Kenya, Australia, China, and France. Previous research Students noted frustration with joy riders in group work especially in open-ended evaluation piece (Shumow, 2001, p. 35). Despite this, small group work in problem based learning was rated the best in promoting learning. The negative attitude towards group work among students developed from those learners who did not participate sufficiently to their collaborative groups (Skinner, 2010.). According t o this study, another issue raised involved students who did not seem attuned to the educational value of listening to what other group members had to contribute during sharing and discussion. The students were or pretended to be unaware that group members or their findings could be used as resources. This research also revealed that students were anxious about the sit-in classroom examinations; it appeared as if they needed more direct guidance. The recommendations given in this study included integrating the problem based learning throughout the semester to better the results of the students. This could be achieved through letting students solve problems as homework and individual assignments. Another way to achieve this is through using four problems as a unifying platform for each quarter of the course. Class discussions, tutor presentations and media shown in class could then be attached in the problem. A third possible way is to alternate group work with individual work during the course. And a last way is to let each group work on a different problem; the groups then present their answers in class while the class assesses the group’s work (Shumow, 2001, p. 36). The problem of joy riders could be solved through collecting notes and checking them in each class session to ensure that all students are participating in group work(Joughin, 2009).Nevertheless, this problem is bothersome and really challenging to handle since more resources are used in supervision. Moreover, joy riding suggests that the students could be unreliable workers in the potential market. According to Townsend, Long, & Trainor, 2011, group supervision and peer learning in social work field can be beneficial in other contexts such as professional, social, cultural, economic and political frameworks locally and internationally. Townsend, Long, & Trainor, 2011 studied teaching, learning and supervisory relationships that support group work and group assessment especially in field w ork. They had a lot of relevance in the Australian contexts. Group learning is vulnerable to group dynamics whereby different personalities and individual needs may affect the learning experience (Arfield, 2013). Furthermore, more dominant individuals in the group may inhibit on the ability of passive individuals to meet their own personal goals. Group work in learning requires the group members to be accountable and to minimise the group size (Light, Cox, & Calkins, 2009).

HRM - Talent Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HRM - Talent Management - Essay Example One of the strategies that have enabled the success of a large number of companies on a global scale has been their ability to find very good people to work for them on the ground (Karin, 2004). This means that the employees of these companies have to be well trained, promotable, and diverse and committed, creating an environment where the companies are able to provide the best services to their customers. To achieve such a workforce, it is necessary for companies to create some extremely good employee policies, which will work towards gaining the confidence of potential employees (Maxwell, 2004). One of the main reasons for the success of companies has been their ability to bring potential employees into their workforce, because this has ensured that they a dedicated workforce working for them, hence an increase in their productivity. Performance management is an extremely important aspect of human resources and it involves the systematic process through which a company involves its employees, as individuals and members of a team, in ensuring the effectiveness of the said company in the accomplishment of the mission and goals that it has set for itself (Piskurich, 2006). In any effective company, rewards towards employees are used well because they are the basis upon which employees can be motivated to be more productive. Rewarding means the recognition of deserving employees, alone or as members of teams, for their work and acknowledging their involvement in the achievement of the aims and objectives of the company for which they work (Broderick and Pearce, 2001). One of the basic principles of effective management is that all behaviour is controlled by its consequences and the said consequences... This essay describes the most important tasks when dealing with talent management, that is people resourcing. It involves the recruiting and employing of individuals who will work for a company. The essay explores the management of talent within a company, that is very important in the interaction between people within it and in fact, it is the glue that holds the employees of the said company together. The researcher states that without talent management, all other elements of the company would not be able to function, and in fact, they would be virtually non-existent. Talent management is therefore very important for a company to function effectively and it has even become more important today because of globalization issue, which has forced people and companies to start working across cultures as opposed to when people only used to work within their own cultures or societies. It is often very difficult for a company to embrace talent management if its management believes that its corporate culture is superior to all other cultures and that the practices of others are not in accordance its own views. It is also important for a company to embrace the cultures it encounters in new environments because this will ensure that it is able to make swift changes that may be beneficial to it. In conclusion, the researcher suggests that with swift changes, that are mentioned in the essay it would be much easier for the companies to be able to manage its talents so that it can be more productive.

The role of advertising in the success of the company Assignment

The role of advertising in the success of the company - Assignment Example This "The role of advertising in the success of the company" essay outlines four various print messages of famous companies and analyze their marketing strategies and their success. Tide is a detergent manufactured by Procter and Gamble. The product takes pride of its reputation as one of the leading brands due to its capability of removing tough stains. Tide is a premium product taking care of the cleanliness and purity of clothes. Instead of focusing on the industrializing India, the advertisers chose to utilize the image of the traditional India and its connection with the laundry detergent. The Ganges River and the Taj Mahal are two important places in the Indian culture. It should also be noted these significant places became major attractions to tourists worldwide. The Ganges River and Taj Mahal is directly associated with purity to Indians according to their religious beliefs. Thus, the communication objective of this advertisement is to make Tide as the detergent which can cl eanse and purify stained clothing the same as how Ganges River purifies the soul and how Taj Mahal portrays pure, unblemished love. This advertisement appears on the magazine Good Housekeeping. This channel is rational because it is most read by housewives who can be more interested on how their household tasks can be made easier by various products. Thus, Procter and Gamble opted to advertise Tide in order to capture this target market. The advertisement shows no definite source but the message is clear—Tide is superior in eliminating stains and whitening fabrics.... This advertisement appears on the magazine Good Housekeeping. This channel is rational because it is most read by housewives who can be more interested on how their household tasks can be made easier by various products. Thus, Procter and Gamble opted to advertise Tide in order to capture this target market. The advertisement shows no definite source but the message is clear-Tide is superior in eliminating stains and whitening fabrics. The execution of the advertisement is really profound and mystifying. It should be noted that an ordinary individual which has no knowledge on Ganges River and Taj Mahal will be unable to understand what the Tide advertisement is all about. Chanel This simple ad features a blown up image of the beautiful and captivating Eugenia Volodina wearing the new sparkling glasses of Chanel which exudes sophistication and elegance. The advertisement's objective is to inform customers of Chanel's new offerings as well as persuade them to purchase the new product. From its establishment in the early 1910s, Chanel has become an icon of elegance with the brand being synonymous to elegance, wealth, and elitism. Chanel became the ultimate sign of high French class, catering to the needs of elite women. The global popularity of the brand has now made it a top choice for elegant women with very high purchasing power. Thus, the appearance of the ad in Vogue which is recognized as one of the most influential force in shaping fashion and culture is warranted by Chanel's quest of capturing the elite niche. It should be noted that Vogue caters to the same intellectually sophisticated and fashionable females that Chanel are also targeting. The advertisement conveys numerous messages. First, Chanel sunglasses are

Privately Owned Critical Infrastructure Assignment

Privately Owned Critical Infrastructure - Assignment Example It is important to note that the type of hazards that different facilities are exposed to vary from one state or local jurisdiction to another. As such, it is important for a proper analysis to be carried out on the hazards that are particular to a given region to lay measures for the management of the various hazards. It is important to not only establish the kind of hazards that a facility is at risk of experiencing but also to determine the likelihood of occurrence of such hazards as compared to other possible hazards (Krausmann, Cozzani, Salzano, & Renni, 2011). In the assessment of the natural hazards that a chemical facility dealing with natural gases is likely to face, it is important to note the inherent risks. Incidents that involve chemical releases, fires, or explosions due to internal causes such as sabotage or accidents, or external causes including meteorological, hydrological, or geographical events, or terrorist attacks are likely to be faced (Krausmann, Cozzani, Salzano, & Renni, 2011). The two major gases manufactured by the facility include Arsenic pentafluoride and boron tribromide, which are highly toxic. These gases are stored in high quantities in insulated tanks. Given the location of the chemical facility, variations in the atmospheric stability and the wind speed form part of the meteorological conditions that may expose it to various hazardous accidents. Other natural disasters that the facility may be exposed to include earthquakes and floods. It is important to note that such natural hazards are of great concern due to their impact as some of them may initiate other events that may lead to even further damage. For instance, earthquakes result in other events such as ground failure, surface faulting, fires, landslides, and a release of hazardous materials such as the toxic gases into the environment may occur. One of the terrorist risks that the

International Strategic Marketing Report based on case study Research Proposal

International Strategic Marketing Report based on case study - Research Proposal Example Other parks include the Disney Cruise line running business in Florida out of Port Canaveral as well as two hotels in addition to the Disneyland Park in California. The constituent generates management fees and royalties on revenues from Tokyo in Tokyo Disneyland as well as in France from Disneyland Paris. The former receives more than sixteen and a half million people every year. The Walt Disney Company also runs media networks with two subcategories namely; Cable Networks and Broadcasting. Among the broadcasting units the company owns and runs the ABC Television Network that ranks that behind CBS and NBC networks. Listed under the cable networks are Disney Channel., ESPN-branded cable networks, and Disney Channel International in addition to shaving major shares in Lifetime and E-Entertainment as well as start-up cable operations among them SoapNet and Too Disney. The mother company also has various consumer products on the market. In this case, Walt Disney Company provides licences for it characters to consumer manufacturers, publishers, and retailers across the globe. Through Disney Stores, the company takes in direct retail business where it produces magazines and books in Europe and in the entire United States. The company also produces other products associated with entertainment including film, computer software, audio software, and video besides those applied in the educational market. Owning the studio entertainment category enables the company to generate a broad range of television animation programs, movies, live stage plays some used in schools, as well as musical recordings. All these products come on the foothill of television distribution, home video, and theoretical Disney film. It creates a television library. The library entails much more apart from Touchstone, Walt Disney pictures, Miramax, and Buena. Scholars posit that strategic management is a function of management

Gender Controversy Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Controversy - Speech or Presentation Example I perceived my task to lie in the need to demonstrate that as far as gender issues excite especially heated debates within the religious circles, the example of women involvement into the Church activities serves as quite a unique tool of investigation of the wider field of gender aspects of organisation studies. In order to fulfil the described task, our group completed the secondary background research with the aim to draw from the existing research the conceptual basis for the problem of women in the Church, to formulate it in the form of short thesises applicable for the purpose of making a concise and informative presentation, and to collect sufficient amount of relevant examples from historical and modern developments in the explored filed of study that would be used to buttress the premises and conclusions of the research. The presentation prepared by our group for the symposium is called "Women, Priesthood and the Church of England", the title that simultaneously places the problem in the area of gender issues, and alludes to the more specific circumstances existing within the Church of England. The presentation is structured in such a way as to represent the prevalent attitudes towards gender within the Church, and to compare religious views of gender with those held in such an important sphere of social life as business. According to this logic of representation of information, we opened our presentation with statement of the underlying assumptions on which we operated, and with mentioning of the most fundamental statement about the Church, namely that it is a very specific organisation that shares similarities and differences with business organisations. In the main body of the presentation we outlined specific qualities of religious and business organisations in relation to their structural peculiarities and their gender discourse, and according to a number of parameters that enabled us to make meaningful comparisons, e.g. sources of motivation (profits in business and divine fulfilment in religion), basic world views (survival of the fittest in business, and equality of people before God and their gender difference firmly integrated in religion), sources of justification of prevalent beliefs (capitalist discourse in business, and historic grounding in religion), etc. At this point, we can already see in what ways religion and business are similar, on what points they diverge, and what it means for the gender discourse. One of the early important conclusions that can already be made here is that due to some principal elements of faith the Church is limiting itself in its flexibility in achieving gender equality, which helps us under stand one the main reasons of the gender controversy in application to religious organisations. After the revealing comparative section of the presentation, we moved to the formulation of thesises that comprise the essence of the gender and priesthood problem. We outlined a number of general themes that deserve examination in the light of gender and priesthood problem, and which seem to indicate the main lines to approach it. Perhaps not surprisingly, many of these themes are very much similar

International Strategic Marketing Report based on case study Research Proposal

International Strategic Marketing Report based on case study - Research Proposal Example Other parks include the Disney Cruise line running business in Florida out of Port Canaveral as well as two hotels in addition to the Disneyland Park in California. The constituent generates management fees and royalties on revenues from Tokyo in Tokyo Disneyland as well as in France from Disneyland Paris. The former receives more than sixteen and a half million people every year. The Walt Disney Company also runs media networks with two subcategories namely; Cable Networks and Broadcasting. Among the broadcasting units the company owns and runs the ABC Television Network that ranks that behind CBS and NBC networks. Listed under the cable networks are Disney Channel., ESPN-branded cable networks, and Disney Channel International in addition to shaving major shares in Lifetime and E-Entertainment as well as start-up cable operations among them SoapNet and Too Disney. The mother company also has various consumer products on the market. In this case, Walt Disney Company provides licences for it characters to consumer manufacturers, publishers, and retailers across the globe. Through Disney Stores, the company takes in direct retail business where it produces magazines and books in Europe and in the entire United States. The company also produces other products associated with entertainment including film, computer software, audio software, and video besides those applied in the educational market. Owning the studio entertainment category enables the company to generate a broad range of television animation programs, movies, live stage plays some used in schools, as well as musical recordings. All these products come on the foothill of television distribution, home video, and theoretical Disney film. It creates a television library. The library entails much more apart from Touchstone, Walt Disney pictures, Miramax, and Buena. Scholars posit that strategic management is a function of management

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 90

Assignment Example t the rate might not take past performance into consideration, or same level of performance may be marked for all the attributes or raters have different opinions about different performance levels. 2. The Barnard’s theory states that managers situated in the decision-making positions of the organizations have no authority until his/her subordinates accept his/her decisions. For example, the government wants the department of defense to initiate start working on a task, if the department does not accepts the task; the government does not have authority and vice-versa. 3. System I type management have the ability to provide reward, punishment to their subordinates (Babcock 129). They have this ability due to the position they hold in the organization. This type of management is used to motivate workers to work on a specific task. System II type management is used in Engineering settings where the manager has to help the subordinates through his expertise. 4. In some cases, management fails to adopt the dilemma of authority being equal to responsibility. This dilemma is not followed while delegating tasks to subordinates. A subordinate may be assigned a task or responsibility but he may not have the equal authority to get the task completed. In such scenarios, the subordinate has to use tactics such as persuasion and personal power to get the job done. 5. Engineers undergo heavy training, they are taught about every technicality of the job and in vocational schools, they learn about every single details of doing a task perfectly. They do not have the skills of being flexible on work or use different techniques for working; these are the reasons due to which they fail to manage in organizations. On the other hand, students in the business environment are taught to be flexible and are allowed to do a certain task in any effective and efficient manner and this is why these managers are more

The English sports Essay Example for Free

The English sports Essay The English sports council calculates that there are 70,000 pitches in England alone. Half of the total pitches are used for recreational football matches and practices. Another 1/4 for cricket. The remaining usage being for sports such as hockey and rugby. There are also 300 artificial grass pitches in addition. I have chosen a sports club called Esporta. It provides many of activities for its customers, such as: Crche, holistic activities, Pilates spinning, step, toning etc all through the week. For popular national sports such as football, rugby league, rugby union, cricket, golf, motor racing, and horse racing, spectating plays a large part.   Old Trafford home of Manchester United footballs club is not only a stadia / a venue for footie matches but has also hosted rugby league matches and even pop concerts. Its becoming more popular to have multi-purposes stadia, it saves space and money and maintenance costs. It has been developed by increasing its capacity, improving parking facilities and making it an all seater facility. They are privately provided by companies aiming to make a profit.  In 1998 consumers spent an estimated à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,500 million on sportswear and equipment and manufacture such as Nike, Adidas, Puma, Reebok, have all become household names. Spots division and JJB sports have 449 outlets between them throughout the UK. They are all private. Heritage sites and\attractions  There were 396 million people who visited visitor attractions in 1998.It is estimated that UK heritage attractions attracted over 50 million visitors in the same year.  There is a varied range of attractions such as historic buildings, e.g. Windsor Castle to local traditions e.g. Morris Dancing. Both these attractions are completely different but linked in that they are both heritage attractions. Some heritage attractions are sightseeing places and some are historic and some are cultural. Also know as outdoor pursuits, there are over a thousand in the UK that specialise in providing this type of holiday. Skern Lodge, Devon is an outdoor activities centre. It provides visitors with a range of services, including accommodation, meals, transport and instruction in a wide range of outdoor activities such as canoeing, sailing, raft building, climbing, archery, and plenty more. It also has swimming pools, games field, bar and recreation lounge. Home-Based Leisure  There is likely to be an increase in consumer spending in areas such as audio equipment and television by over 30% between 1998 and 2003. The decline lies on reading books and newspapers are with the recent development of DVDs and videos.  The private sector dominates the market for home-based leisure. The volume of UK spending on home-based leisure is around 40 billion.

The School Voucher Debate :: essays papers

The School Voucher Debate THE SCHOOL VOUCHER DEBATE In reading these articles, I did not understand the religious school involvement and school vouchers. There was one statement in the first article Court Discusses Vouchers, that stated that in Cleveland use school vouchers and that they can be used at fifty-one other schools, but there are nine schools that they cannot use the vouchers at, and they are all Catholic schools. To me this seems to be a religious prejudice going on in that area against the Catholic religion. I understand the purpose for vouchers and what would be involved. The money that is used to give out school vouchers comes from the public system of resources. I can see why people would be against vouchers. They worry that it will drain the resources for other public things. At the same time though, in the second article America’s boldest governor, it had stated that if the vouchers were properly designed, they would only drain the public resources at the same rate as a resource-consuming pupils. Therefore, students that are not doing well, drain more funds from the public system than other students that are doing good in school, and if vouchers are able to give those students who have been doing badly is school improve with time, the money used from the public system will balance out. Obviously, the students and parents of the lower class would benefit from vouchers. The school and public system do not benefit from vouchers. Schools for the reason that some schools will have to improve their school overall, or they will lose students to better equipped schools, since students of any background will be able to attend any school they like. I do feel that vouchers would lead to better curriculum among several schools, which would provide for educational excellence. The schools would be thriving to keep the number of students attending the school up. They would have to adjust to better themselves if vouchers were made available. Equity within schools would be achieved if vouchers were made available to students of all races, class, and status. Vouchers would allow students of several different cultural backgrounds and social class to attain and school they wish.

Hamlet in the Holodeck Essay -- Literature Shakespeare Essays

Hamlet in the Holodeck missing works cited As computer technology moves from the domain of industrial utility to the realm of communication, its seemingly limitless possibilities prove to be both exciting and intimidating. Artists and storytellers are especially intrigued by the new capabilities found in the development of technology; the computer's approach to presenting information makes it an innovative tool for self-expression. In the book, Hamlet on the Holodeck, author Janet Murray discusses the challenges of working creatively with the digital environment. In explaining the elemental properties of this media, Murray shows us how we may use the expressive power of technologies to create a more compelling form of storytelling (67). Murray compares the current advances in technology to the birth of cinema. She explains that the invention of camera technology did not necessarily denote the arrival of movies as an artistic medium. Cinema originated as an additive art form, combining the film technology of a stationary camera and the traditional art of theater in order to make narrative films called photoplays (66). Filmmakers experimented with the fundamental properties of film for decades in order to create the series of conventions that now define the movie. By utilizing the properties of film editing, sound, color, and camera angle, the technology of film evolved into an expressive and original way to recreate and enhance reality. According to Murray, the advancement of modern computer technology parallels the development of the movie camera. When confronted with the combination of sound, video, picture, word processing, and global networking of current computing, computer pioneers mirrored the behavior of the 1... ...of the fictional universe seem limitless" (87). Currently, The Sims creators are planning an Internet version of their game, which will combine the technologies of hypertext and simulation. Human users all over the world will be able to chat and interact with each other in a variety of landscapes in real time, creating "the opportunity to tell stories from multiple vantage points and to offer intersecting stories that form a dense and wide-spreading web" (84). Forums like these subtly introduce interested computer users to the tools for understanding the nuances of narrative devices. It seems that Murray's hypothesis is gradually becoming reality; the world's growing interest in detailed storytelling, found in programs like The Sims, reveals that computers are helping us to think about "the many systems we participate in, observe, and imagine" (93).

Compensation and Benefits Essay

This assignment compared and contrasted compensation programs of McDonald’s and Walmart Canada. It look at the Philosophy, Base pay, Short term and Long Term cash incentives, indirect compensation benefits and Recognition programs. The Philosophy of McDonald’s is â€Å"Pay for performance† while Walmart promises a lot of career opportunities. McDonald’s compensation program is more suited to encourage young high performance culture. While Walmart rewards more stable employees that will stay with the company for a long term. Compensation System comparison of McDonald’s Restaurant and Wall-Mart’s (Canada) Compensation Items McDonald’s Restaurant Wall-Mart(Canada) Pay and Rewards Philosophy Pay for performance philosophy. The better your results, the greater your pay opportunities. Culture rewards us. Anything is possible. Career opportunities. Base Pay Competitive wages. The average starting hourly pay $9.97 Annual salary for Managers and wages for the crew. Competitive wages. The average starting hourly pay $10.55 Annual salary for Managers and wages for the sales associate. Short Terms Cash Incentives Bonuses based on annual performance review and company strategic performance. Target Incentives Pay. Bonuses based on annual performance review and company strategic performance. They always paid bonuses since 1997 even there is a recession. The Comparison Analysis The Philosophy of McDonald’s is† Pay for Performance†; it means that if your performance is better you will get a higher compensation. In contrast, Walmart’s slogan is †Anything is possible†, meaning a lot of career opportunities are available to Walmart employees. McDonald’s is encouraging high performance culture (but that is likely suited for shorter term employees) while Walmart is more suited for people who look for long term career in a company and more opportunities to grow. Both companies offer competitive base pay. The entry level the crew or sales associates get hourly wages but the senior employees/Managers get base salary pay. Both companies offer short term cash incentives – variable bonus pay based on company performance and employee performance review. The Walmart boasts that they pay bonuses even recessions. For long term cash incentives, both companies offer profit sharing plan. However, the Walmart has Group RRSP. Whereas, the McDonald’s has a savings plan. The Walmart offers the long term disability coverage, maternity leaves top up, while the McDonald’s offers more financial assistance programs and retirement benefits which is limited to severance package. For indirect compensation/benefits, McDonald’s rewards top performers with a car program, while Walmart gives 10% discount on everything purchased in their stores. Recognition program at McDonald’s is more intensive and includes awards like employee of the month, while at Walmart it is yearly â€Å"Star of the Year† award. Conclusion The compensation program of Walmart Canada is more tailored for long term  stable employees; while the program at McDonald’s is better suited for younger, likely temporary employees and encourages high performance culture.

Protofeminism in The Scarlet Letter Essay

In the eyes of some, The Scarlet Letter may seem like a protofeminist novel. In the eyes of some, had Hester been a man, her punishment would not have been nearly as embarrassing and deceitful. In the eyes of some, Hester did nothing but the right thing based on her trying to protect other women from gender-based prosecution, though it meant completely disregarding Puritan laws in her society. Then again, in the eyes of some, Hester deserved all of the harassment and harsh, negative attention that she received from the townspeople. It is all a matter of opinion based on facts. Sexist punishments? You decide. Comparing to today’s society and laws, The Scarlet Letter seems about as protofeminist as America not electing Hillary Clinton for president in 2008. To the majority of society, men are superior in almost every aspect. Therefore, men are said to not be punished nearly as harshly as women are. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is punished for adultery. Her punishment consisted of having to be labeled with a glowing, bright red symbol of her supposed crime. As a result, townspeople treated her like nothing more or less than dirt on the ground because of what she had done. However, a man may not have suffered as harsh of a punishment in any society. In the eyes of some, The Scarlet Letter may seem like a protofeminist novel. Women always seem to be underestimated and stereotyped. Although adultery is a serious crime in times like based in The Scarlet Letter, a man doubtfully would have had as harsh of a punishment as Hester Prynne. If a man’s wife had vanished without his knowing and not been seen for a very long period of time, surely he would move on without assuring what had happened to his spouse. Nobody wants to be alone for so long with not a clue of where their significant other may be. Like any normal person, moving on would be a last resort. What happens when your spouse comes back and you have another spouse? You are punished for adultery in that time. However, many feel as though a man, in fact, would not be as severely punished with adultery. In the eyes of some, had Hester been a man,  her punishment would not have been nearly as embarrassing and deceitful. During Hester’s punishment, she is treated very unfairly. She moves out and onto the outskirts of society where she can no longer be harassed or publicly humiliated. While feeling that her punishment is unfair, Hester undertakes to protect other women of the Puritan society from gender-based persecution. Her punishment is inexplicably sexist and unnecessary on a majority-based opinion. Her actions seem to point to a larger political statement, not only in the sense of unfair Puritan laws, but the fact that her punishment is gender-based and a man would not have been symbolized the way that Hester Prynne was. In the eyes of some, Hester did nothing but the right thing based on her trying to protect other women from gender-based prosecution, though it meant completely disregarding Puritan laws in her society. If a man would have the same punishment as Hester Prynne suffered through in The Scarlett Letter, then there was no evidence of this in the novel. To most, the storyline of this novel gives off protofeminist evidence. Maybe Hester did deserve all of the harassment and harsh, negative attention that she received from the townspeople due to her crime, but it is all a matter of opinion based on facts. Sexist punishments? You decide.

Friedrich Engels and histor Essay

If one is not historical, then it is unscientific. The historical process that has commenced for millennia in the development of societies is a product of scientific processes and vice versa. Friedrich Engels has greatly contributed to the exposition of historical dynamics, one that is ever changing, in constant contradiction with the forces within and without. As it has been definitely asserted, historical materialism, as a part of a dialectic philosophy is not just narrowly limited to a â€Å"study† but it is a scientific process wherein events were investigated, researched, a hypothesis is derived and tested or compared if that assertion applies to universal condition. History thereof is a result of contradictions, a making of man, not just simply a compilation of events that transpired in the past. Only in such a way can history become a science. Thus, a truly revolutionary of his time, Engels presented history according to the material basis of the existence of societies, discussed the evolution of such societies as subsequent effects of the past, constantly playing interconnected, interwoven stories, which without the other is simply incomplete, unscientific. Here he illustrated the formation of history as a result of humanity’s struggle to attain its aims, therefore its own creation, its own being. Engels’ history does not consider man simply a being with presupposed actions, knowledge or decisions, man is a becoming, moulds the society that he belongs to, inseparably intertwined with the progress of the economy, his propensity to survive, to all other aspects of social existence. Certainly, Engels’ life is no different from the society he intended to explain. What has moulded him to become such a great influence in socio-economic paradigms and in the formulation of Marxism surely has a basis in his past, interconnected with his identity, with everything that has gone through his age, internal and external, positive and negative. His own being a laboratory of man as a â€Å"becoming† and of contradictions where which a new form from the antagonisms of the old is drawn. Hence, his life and works were a result of scientific processes, a fruit of the reactions among the material conditions that he was exposed to, a synthesis of numerous theses and anti-theses. Facts and figures are simply not what history is. Facts and figures say something but not substantially anything. History is a correlation and interrelationships between and among facts and figures without finding those connections are mere ink and paper –insignificant. Hitherto, Engels’ works remains to be of great influence in the struggles of oppressed peoples and of the international proletariat. This came into reality because Engels’ works were connected to the material foundations of human existence, ideas and theories that are not alienated: theories that can be felt, ideas that are tangible and inseparable from the activities of societies. As it was, matter precedes consciousness; Engels’ historical and philosophical analysis did not surface out of mere conception of abstract economic and historical fables, but were a result of the effects of the economic and social conditions existing at that time; societies came into reality first and from those realities a consciousness was obtained enabling Engels to scientifically analyze the future of societies based on the reasons that has caused past societies to progress into what they are at present. Engels biography is a display of such scientific course. His early life has been the origin why he came about with his voluminous works on history, implications brought by the facts how he was raised and intended of him to become, his experiences, and his direct contact with the production process and later in complete absorption to the revolutionary struggle in the industrial West. Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen, Prussia to a family of bourgeois origins in September 28, 1820, time when Europe was at the height of the development of the industrial era and wars of conquest for the accumulation of market, labour and resources for the bourgeois economy. It was a time of rapid changes ensuing on all borders, expansion of industrial interests was grappling Europe and colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America were continuously ransacked while the European continent was in a constant scrabble of migration from different nations in search of industrial work. Indeed an era of accumulation of wealth and technological advances to improve productivity . His nascent years have been vital for the development of his future philosophical pursuit. In his poem â€Å"To My Grandfather†, written December 20, 1833, Friedrich has shown his early acquaintances in history through stories in the Greek mythology which he described as â€Å"many a beautiful story† that his grandfather told him . Another untitled poem written 3 years after described characters in stories from all over Europe seen by young Friedrich as â€Å"pictures to delight† . He was an observer and the environment drew much attention from him. Once he wrote about the conditions in Wuppertal, one of his first attempts to explain the seemingly complicated miseries of the working class , that even the columns of a building and the style of architecture did not escape his watch. It was the beginning of his acquisition of his most powerful weapon in his revolutionary battle, the excellence in textual conveyance. Not only was it a peek to his future history inclinations but also his superb literary talent that has greatly manifested in his works. His father, a German textile mill owner wanted him to become an industrialist too like himself. Though, the environment in which Friedrich Engels lived was full of stark contradictions, external factors which greatly affected his inner resolve, so that a strained relationship developed between them. A supporter of the Prussian government, Friedrich’s father held conservative views in politics and religion which could be attributed to his Protestant Pietist devotion that he entered Friedrich in local Pietist schools, indoctrinating him of narrow fundamentalist views of society that were never acceptable to his broad interests. He was then sent to Bremen, a German port city, before he finished his high school studies to work as a clerk, and there he exhibited despise to autocracy and religion, enjoyed life at its fullest and studied literature, philosophy, theology and history . The democratic struggles gaining political momentum at that time was under a literary movement drawn Engels to participate under a pen name Friedrich Oswald. His first work, a poem titled â€Å"The Bedouin † was published in the Bremisches Conversationsblatt No. 40. In September 1838 and many other literary works and commentaries proceeded thereafter. When he moved to Berlin to join the Household Artillery of the Prussian Army, he already had attractions to the Young Hegelians . His contact with the radical group proved to be vital in Engels’ future philosophical treatises. Hegelian philosophy maintained an idealist core with the dialectic claims that everything, after they had come into being, will ultimately wither away, a constant reminder of change and development inherent in everything therein. Though Hegelian dialectics maintained that thought precedes matter, it still had some followers who were radicalized and reached the point of concluding that even the Prussian state and religion will pass. The most revolutionary of them, however, deviated from Hegel’s â€Å"consciousness precedes matter† and inclined towards materialism. These revolutionaries, among them the 22 year-old Friedrich Engels, asserted that it is the other way around based on Ludwig Feuerbach’s rejection of Hegelian idealism and turned the tables for materialism. He would later publish a pamphlet hailing Feuerbach’s â€Å"The Essence of Christianity† in 1841. The pamphlet echoed Feuerbach’s materialist basis of societal thought and finally debunked theological monopoly of reflection with a â€Å"pulverizing† blow, but later Feuerbach’s materialism would be wedded with Hegelian dialectics . There he was an active radical, wrote articles for the democratic movement while attending lectures at Berlin University with his military service all at the same time. Before he would be sent to England, Engels, travelled to Cologne to meet Moses Hess, the first Hegelian who called himself a communist and the man behind Rheinische Zeitung –a radical daily newspaper. It was possibly in this acquaintance that Engels was influenced with utopian socialism and his travel to England would be decisive in starting a proletarian revolution in the most advanced industrial nation . His experience in Manchester, England in his father’s factory from 1842 opened his eyes to the realities of the working class which he stated in his Conditions of the Working Class in England in 1844, his first book bourn out of his observations in his father’s firm. In his English travel desertion, Engels have had certain exchanges with other workers’ organizations, radical, utopian socialists and Chartists and wrote for Robert Owens’ Utopian socialist paper, the â€Å"New Moral Order† . Only on his way to Barmen did he meet Karl Marx, his lifelong revolutionary collaborator. They first met in Cologne in 1842 and Karl Marx was an editor in the Rheinische Zeitung but took no time to explore their philosophical similarities. That friendship would last for about four decades. Together, Marx and Engels paved the way for the synthesis of Dialectical Materialism, Historical Materialism and Scientific Socialism among many other works that were to become the foundations of the proletarian movement. Engels could never be considered as Marx’s side kick as others would usually portray him, nor must he be treated as above Mar’s intellect on many philosophical questions. Often they would consult each other on certain points of argumentation and Engels recognized Marx’s excellence and at the same manner, Engels displayed his virtuoso in historical and literary fields. They were, in the truest sense, partners in their lifelong struggle for the liberation of the working class. What Engels had become could be ascribed to the people who had played certain parts in his â€Å"becoming†. His grandfather introduced him to the world of history and literature, his father pounced on him that he would later hate everything that his father believed, Hegel on his dialectics (though Engels had broken away from the idealist sector), Feuerbach presented the materialist view for his and Marx’s philosophical synthesis of the Dialectical Materialism and the millions of the workers’ masses that have borne the weight of the whole capitalist production system were, presumably, the greatest influences on Engels’ philosophy. Thus cementing that Engels was really a man that is a â€Å"becoming†. An accumulation of experiences, observations and contact with nature was the reason for having such philosophical standpoint . Engels’ philosophical background could be that of a German philosophy that could be traced from Leibniz, Kant, and Hegel. Though Engels or Marx did not have any â€Å"original† philosophical theories, it is precisely the justification on what was commented on the Critique on Feuerbach that theirs was a philosophy that aimed direct to the point of changing the existing order in the world not just explain it. On many occasions, Engels has directly found the connection of matter and thought, of historical events that are quite apart in ages but were systematically an integral part of the totality of human history. Friedrich Engels’ first book was the Conditions of the Working Class in England in 1844, written when he was in Manchester England. On its preface, Engels explicitly stated the conditions of the working class at that particular time based on his direct acquaintances with the proletariat or twenty-one months, straight from his observations. These observations were directed for the German proletariat so intense their conditions that Engels wished to know the root causes of their misery . In his dedication to the British proletariat, Engels can be seen as a true revolutionary, never satisfied with documents, it was a close contact, an integration among the masses of British workers that has propelled his understanding of the conditions of the working class. It was on the streets, in the alleys, in the working places that true understanding can be derived. The whole of Manchester turned into a laboratory of revolution . Manchester in 1844 is the centre of the Industrial Revolution which he observed, made the conditions of the workers worse. Huge industrial cities such as Manchester and Liverpool had disease occurrences four times grater than in the countryside. Before mills were introduced in England, more than four thousand out of ten thousand children die of whooping cough, scarlet fever, measles, and smallpox and an addition of another three hundred after. While adult mortality numbered to a thousand out of ten thousand and another two hundred added to the previous respectively. In one of his contributed article to the New Moral World Engels concluded that this condition must soon be ended with a revolution that would rearrange the social order existing at that time in three countries in Europe (England, France and Germany) as there is a fast spread of suffering among the working men in the continent. There were existing socialist and communist movements in many parts of Europe, half a million communists in France alone, with some differences in minor points in principle but again, Engels asserted that the proletarian class has the power to rise and become masters of their own, enjoy the fruits of their own labour only if these communists would be united –that would later be named as â€Å"proletarian internationalism† – costing most of Eastern Europe after the Second World War, a little more than a hundred years, with the USSR’s campaign of socialist annexation . Engels described the state of the capitalist system in England, being the most advanced at that time. In the book’s 1892 preface, 52 years since it was first published, the author noted that the rising industrial nations such as France, Germany and America and starting to break Britain’s â€Å"industrial monopoly† and finally reached what has England reached in 1844 and the effects were not different. Same economic laws apply and the fight of English workers five decades ago is happening in the country. It is after all still a bourgeois mode of production, the same tendencies, characteristics and social classes and antagonism still exist. Such was what he had predicted in his first edition and, scientifically, it was indeed the same characteristic of the capitalist economy regardless of nations and cultures. The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 mirrored the condition of the working class not only in certain time frame but through the times as long as capitalism exists in a more or less varied intensity. Further expounding on the roots of the proletariat’s miserable place in the relations of production, Lenin commented that Engels was not the first to say that the working class is suffering from the ills of the capitalist mode of appropriation and expropriation, but it was Engels who said that the working class is being pushed to the very edges so that the proletariat had been left with no choice but to fight back and destroy the bonds of slavery. A power, so much moving this line had exuded that after seven decades Russian proletariat had risen to create the first proletarian state. In 1847, Mikhail Bakunin, a Russian anarchist was banned from Paris because of calling for the over of the Polish and Russian governments. Bakunin was one of the many revolutionaries that appearing in Europe. A revolutionary high tide is sweeping all over the continent and the great masses of workers are looking for the lead in the revolutionary struggle. Such was the condition when Engels wrote â€Å"The Principles of Communism† in 1847, a year before the Communist Manifesto was published. There was, however an earlier composition for the Communist League. In June of that year, the founding event of the Communist League, the Congress of the Just, the Principles of Communism was written to serve as a draft for a statement to be embraced by the proletarian revolutionary movement, the Communist Manifesto . The International Workingmen’s Association formed in 1864 was actively participated by Engels, and later joined Marx in the General Council in 1870, two after the IWA was organized. Historically, the IWA had a huge part in the uprising in Paris in 1871: the Paris Commune. In this event Engels’ writings defeated Bakunin’s Alliance for Social Democracy. IWA was considered to be the first International, and after the Paris Commune was quelled, after the commune died, Engels guided the formations of many socialist parties in Europe, especially in Germany which has been the movement that the whole European communist movement looked upon as bearer of the great socialist revolution. It was here that the term â€Å"manufacture†, denoting production by hand was conceived by Engels, such was to differentiate â€Å"production by hand† from production using a machine. This scheme was decisive in future historical annotations for the transition from guilds to factories of the primitive capitalist model. It is best too clarify that Marxist literature considers, based on historical materialism, that world history has not grown uniformly, some have advanced to capitalism, other nations remain in the feudal stage, and certain communities were even at the stage of primitive communalism. In the year 1884, Engels wrote â€Å"The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. It was this document that really showed Engels’ distinction in history. He wrote this manuscript in just two months to continue what Marx would have wanted him to do – a treatise on the evolution of the State. This book covers the history of many nations, the emergence of private property and classes, and the state and ultimately how this state would perish, mush like Hegelian concept on the dialectical process of societies. Engels’ works were immensely influenced by Hegelian thought, especially evident in his â€Å"Origin of the Family†¦ † which was a complete narration of the scientific evolution of the societies, brought about by the contradictions that were constantly the cause of development, of ending an old social order and beginning anew. Aside from that, Engels life as a revolutionary and his works were also influenced by Moses Hess’s utopian socialist ideas, which, together with Karl Marx, they arrived into concluding that the future of capitalism is a scientific socialism and the establishment of the proletarian state. He also viewed the economy as the social foundation that it gives rise to the conception of the state, and that material foundation is the essential ingredient of the thought or way of thinking that would be dominant in the society. It was the very core of the materialist belief that matter precedes consciousness. Which takes us to think that a worker can not have a consciousness of a proletariat if the society has not reached the stage of capitalism, because in the first place, a condition does not exist that would permit a capitalist relation of production (wage labour). Through his life, Engels never believed in marriage pointing out that the natural order of reproduction is not bound by the exclusivity of a woman to a single man. That only came into being when the concept of private property had materialized, so as women. Women held a high place in the primitive societies since they were the only means that tribes and communities would survive was only through continued human reproduction . Engels’ works were referred to by the revolutionary movement especially on the philosophical discourses on dialectics, historical materialism and some of his economic formulations. These influenced leaders of different socialist parties in Europe and around the globe. In autumn of 1985, the leader of the Russian proletarian socialist revolution, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin wrote about Engels saying that he was a great teacher of the world’s working class, and his life must be known to every workingman. Lenin further states that Engels did not let his bourgeois status to stop him from serving the cause of the revolution, study of philosophy and science and politics. The article published in Rabotnik, clarified certain principles in Engels’ philosophy, and asserted that although Engels followed Hegelian dialectics, he was nevertheless not an idealist but one who firmly believes in materialism. Engels, said Lenin, used scientific methods in answering the economic questions of the time. It also gave an insight into Engels political history that being said, Engels was a democrat before he became a socialist. Thus Engels taught that the liberation of the working class is in the hands of the working class. Lenin after 22 years would lead the Russian working class to a socialist victory, fulfilling Engels’ vision of a socialist state won by the proletarian themselves. Later in 1920, three years after the Russian socialist revolution had been won, a document was published showing that Lenin would again comment on Engels through â€Å"The Marx-Engels Correspondence† which he wrote in 1913. The letters contained many of the theoretical foundations of socialism, masterfully fighting through the ins and outs of the political struggle in Europe. It was an exposition of the revisionist renegades attempt to mislead the great masses of the proletariat to capitulate in the bourgeois political system. Through these letters, as Lenin pronounced, the socialist movement was kept in the right track. The tasks of the proletarian revolutionary were outlined to serve as a guide for many socialist parties that were waging underground warfare against their governments. The dialectical course of history was reaffirmed and from that principle, Russian revolution had drawn much of Engels’ guidance in the theoretical as well as in the practical recourse of the revolution. Mao Zedong, leader of the Chinese revolution from the 1920’s until after the Second World War had been a staunch Engels follower through his works with Marx. Chairman Mao had quoted the communist manifesto, stressing on the point that without the theories that Marx and Engels developed, the revolution will have no guide. Revolutionary theory as Mao had said would give the people a direction in waging a war for national liberation, to assure that there would be no resurgence of bourgeois state in liberated nations and ensure that new democratic revolutions will continue to the socialist stage . Again Mao on his article on Women, Engels was often quoted because of his contributions in the study of the status of women in the society, through his book â€Å"the Origin of the Family, Private Property and State†. The study of the women was a big issue in the Chinese revolution. China was then waging a war against traditions that existed for thousands of years that was the feudal relationships between husbands and wives, elderly and the young in Chinese culture. Engels’ views on the question of the equality of the sexes in the primitive communal stage of societies shed light on the history of the struggle of women. Women suffer exploitation twice. A female worker is exploited because she is a worker and she is a woman. She does not only suffer from capitalist exploitation but also from male domination. However, the struggle for women’s liberation is not a struggle against the opposite sex, but a struggle based on the economic class . Friedrich Engels was said to be the builder of socialist thought, the International Review issue no. 83 on the 4th quarter of 1995 stated that Engels had been persistent in his revolutionary career, truly of German tradition. Owing much to his perception of the workers’ movements tendencies and strengths that in the article his first book published was the book used by many revolutionaries through the years of struggle all over the world, from Russia to China. Thus Engels was a man defined by his becoming. Through his life, from the time he was born till the day he died, Europe was in the middle of an economic advancement, it was also a period of political changes. In the middle of those political and economic current, Friedrich Engels stood to face the challenges of his time. The blowing winds of free thought have set his mind to open to new ideas, seemingly the emergence of radical movements were just on the right time. When he became a part of the Young Hegelians, his philosophical inclinations were further developed. If we would look at this through an idealist perspective, it would be possible that Engels life had the right coincidences: Marx was born on the same era; the proletarian movement was on its fiery start. However, dialectically, the course of history would be just the same, it could have not been Engels, it could have not been Marx but still the truth of the development of societies will be there because it is science. History is a making of humanity not just one man, thus independent of anyone’s identity yet it identifies with everyone. It is the reality. Through Engels’ writing Marx was able to find himself a competent partner in his revolutionary theorization. Together they had formulated the socialist philosophy that soon changed the course of the modern society. Engels contributed much to humanity’s understanding of history, complete and thorough interpretation of the events, explained the mysteries that bind each and every event from the beginning of human civilization. History was view on another angle, from the toiling masses, thus, breaking the monopoly of the establishment’s monopoly of truth. Hitherto, societies were seen as dynamic, changing every second, quantitatively and qualitatively –change that was internally caused by those who are within the system, not by something that is detached, alienated, or abstract. Material basis was always at the fore of historical explanations. Engels’ historical insights gave the ruled power over the ruler, the oppressed over the oppressor. In time, the order of things will be changed, asserts Engels, which change will never end. History had become an integral part of the future, not confined to the records of the olden times; it has passed yet continues to take part in molding the future of societies. Without Engels history would still continue and take its path as we have it today. Without Engels to help Marx, the society will still change. Therefore, Engels did have a contribution to humanity’s history. Through his writings, Lenin foresaw the First World War as an imperialist war took advantage of it and made the revolution at home victorious. With the victory of the Russian proletariat, the course of struggles around the world suddenly changed course and had a farther perspective. Not only did these liberation movements aimed to free their nations from foreign domination but had decided to free them from the slavery brought about by the conception of private property. Movements did not only strive to destroy the existing political order perpetuated by tyrants, they had sought to destroy the economic foundation of tyranny. In the country from where he came from, Engels, too, caused much change. He became one of the contributors to the German philosophy, became an inspiration to German revolutionaries and paved the way for the advancement of the German proletariat. As Germany was inseparable from the conditions that what existing in Europe at that time, it too had been reached by the socialist movement that after the Second World War, Germany was divided into two. East Germany had a socialist economy and the, capitalist. Engels had his great deal of share in the development of Marxism and socialism. He was the brain behind the Communist manifesto and Historical Materialism. His studies in the field of history enlightened Marxists and revolutionaries in the course of the inevitable changes in the society. Bibliography (Section 1) Kenwood A. G. and A. L. Lougheed. The Growth of the International Economy 1820-2000: An Introductory Text. London: Routledge, 1999. Carver, Terrell. Engels. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2003. Engels, Friedrich. â€Å"Bedouin. † Young Engels, Marx & Engels Internet Archive. Available from www. marxist. org. Engels, Friedrich. The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. New York: Pathfinder Press, 2000.